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Round Table Conference

Forced failed to extinguish the spirit of revolt against law and the government. In order to side over the situation, the British government called a Round Table Conference in London 1930 to find an acceptable solution to the Indians problems. The congress boycotted the first round table conference and launched the civil disobedience movement. Other parties were represented by several eminent people like Tej Bahadur Sapru, Jinnah and Agha Khan. The chief item on the agenda was to discuss the Simon commission Report. But no vital decision could be taken because the congress did not participate in it. On 19th January 1931 the British prime minister Ramsey Mac Donald held out hopes of making a substantial transfer of power to India. The viceroy lord Irwin was anxious for a settlement. He took noble step of holding direct talks with Gandhiji and signed a pact known as Gandhi-Irwin pact. As per the pact Gandhi went to London to part in second round table conference in 1931. All sections of...
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Impact of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact:

There is a great controversy over the significance of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact. The congress committees itself was divided on the result of the talk. Many people have it as a viceroy because the viceroy had to negotiate a settlement with the congress. Others particularly the younger, left wing sectors were opposed to the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, for the government had not accepted even one of the major national demands. The consequences of the pact were as follows: 1. The viceroy had forced to treat the Indian nation leaders on an equal footing. 2. It greatly increased the prestige of the congress as the viceroy and Gandhiji’s put their signatures on a Treaty OF Peace. 3. The British accepted congress as an authority to speak for political India. 4. When the rural congress workers were released from jail and went to their village, they were given reception. This demonstrated the awakening of political conscious among masses to a degree undreamt of before. It also gave evidence of the high mora...
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GANDHI-IRWIN PACT 1931

The First Round Table Conference was held in London in 1930. Not much was done at the conference on account of the absence of the congress representatives. The government knew that any settlement regarding Indians people would be incomplete, if the congress refused to co-operate. So the British were eager to compromise. Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru and Jayakar became the mediators between the congress and the British. An understanding was reached between Gandhiji and Lord Irwin in 1931 which came to be known as Gandhi-Irwin Pact. Its provisions were:- The government agreed:- 1. To release all the political prisoners except those guilty of violence. 2. To withdraw ordinance issued in connection with Civil Disobedience Movement. 3. To give back to the congress their confiscated properties. 4. To permit peaceful picketing of liquors and foreign cloth’s shop. 5. To permit such people as lived near sea-shore to manufacture salt. Gandhiji agreed:- ...
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IMPORTANCE OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT

There is no denying the fact that the civil disobedience movement could not show immediately results. The impact of the movements can be summed up as follows. The people might have become silent for the time being but there were tide of patriotic fervors in the country. It proved beyond doubt the organizing capacity of the congress. The movement was more intensive in magnitude than the Non-Cooperation Movement. Another significance of the movement was that the Indian peasantry raised voice not against the foreign rule, but protested against land revenue system. It exposed the true nature of the British rule in India.
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The Civil Disobedience Movement Dandi March

The Lahore Congress was followed by a two months while the country and the government waited for Gandhiji to decide on the precise method of non-violent struggle for Poorna Swaraj. Gandhiji once again tried for compromise with the government and put the government and put forward 11 points demand include reduction in land tax, prohibition etc. He stated that if Lord Irwin accepted it, then there would be no need for agitation. The government response was negative, so Gandhiji decided to start the movement. The civil disobedience movement was organized to disobey laws made by the British. The programme of the civil disobedience movement was as follows: 1. Salt law should be violated everywhere. 2. Students should leave school and colleges. 3. Governments’ servants should resign from services. 4. Foreign goods should be burnt. 5. No taxes to be paid to the government. 6. Women should start dharna before shops having liquors etc. Gandhiji started the civil disobedience movement on 12th ...
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Lahore Session of the congress [Poorna Swaraj]

The Indian National Congress reflected its new mood. Gandhiji came back to active politics and attended the Calcutta Session of the Congress in December 1928. The congress asked the govt to accept the Nehru Report. The viceroy was not in a position to give any definite assurance. At its Lahore Session presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru in December 1929, the congress passed revolution declaring ‘Poorna Swaraj’ complete Independence to be the congress objective. On 31 December 1929 was hoisted the newly adopted tri-colour flag of freedom. 26 January 1930 was fixed as the first Independence Day which was to be celebrated every year. The congress session also announced the launching of a civil disobedience movement. The detained programme of the movement was to be drawn up by Gandhiji with hope and exhilaration and the determination to be forced.
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Nehru Report

Lord Birkenhead, the secretary of state for India led justified the exclusion of Indian from the Simon commission. He challenged the Indian leaders to frame a constitution that would be acceptable to all parties in India. Accordingly an all party’s conference was held in Bombay in May 1928 under the president ship of Motilal Nehru. Representatives of all parties agreed to entrust the responsibility of drafting the constitution to a sub-committee appointed for the purpose under the leadership of Motilal Nehru other prominent members of the sub-committee were Subhas Chandra Bose, Tej Bahadur Sapru & Ali Imam. Towards the end of the year 1928 the committee prepared a draft constitution which came to be known as the Nehru Report. It contained the following recommendations. i) Attainment of 'Dominion Status’ at an every date. ii) India to be a federation builds on basis of linguistic provinces & the provincial autonomy. iii) Executive to be full responsible to the legislat...
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