NOTES on ISC HISTORY

1. At first the allied powers could not understand how to check the German Blitzkrieg. Soon they learned from their early furfures and started to check Blitzkrieg. The allied powers realized the importance of our support and naval power which helped them to win the war. 2. Another reason for the axis failure was shortage of raw materials. Both Italy and Japan had to supplies. Germany was short of rubber, cotton, nickel and oil. To win the war a constant supply of raw materials was urgently needed and in this point the axis powers were very much handicapped. 3. The combined resources of America, Britain and USSR were so great that it was impossible for the axis powers to win the war. By 1945, Russia had four times as many as tanks as Germany and could put twice as many men in the field. USA also increased their production of tanks and aircraft in such a way which ultimately changed the tide of war in favour of allies. 4....

1. America had identified and displaced Japanese radio code, which helped them to know exactly, helped them to know exactly and where the attack was to be launched. 2. The Japan failed to realize the importance of aircraft carriers and concentrated more and more on battleships. 3. Japan was a small island state, but her own capacity for holding the gains with hosted industrial powers. Japan was no match for America in resources military equipments and man power. 4. The continuous resistance of China was a serious drain on Japanese resources in men and money. It handicapped her war efforts in other quarters and gave the allied much advantage.

I. The Axis powers defeated :- The Allied Powers, led by Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union, defeated the Axis in World War II. Italy was the first Axis partner to give up: it surrendered to the Allies on September 8, 1943; six weeks after leaders of the Italian Fascist Party deposed Fascist leader and Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. On August 23, 1944, following the overthrow of Dictator Marshal Ion Antonescu , Romania switched sides: Romanian troops fought alongside Soviet troops for the remainder of the war. After the Soviets rejected its offer of an armistice, Bulgaria surrendered on September 8, 1944, as the Communist-led Fatherland Front seized power from the Axis government in a coup and then declared war on Nazi Germany. On September 19, 1944, Finland signed an armistice with the Soviet Union. The German occupation of Hungary in March 1944 succeeded in its primary purpose: to prevent the Hungarian leaders from deserting the Axis as t...

I. Operation Overlord : - The Battle of Normandy, codenamed Operation Overlord, began with the amphibious Allied landings at Normandy, France, early in the morning of June 6, 1944, and continued into the following weeks with a land campaign to establish, expand, and eventually break out of the Normandy bridgehead. In the English-speaking world, it remains the best-known battle of World War II. Combined American, British, Canadian, and French forces under the command of General Montgomery landed at several points along the Normandy coastline. The British and Canadian beaches were to the east, and, from east to west were codenamed: Sword Beach, which extended from Ouistreham at the mouth of the river Orne to Saint Aubin sur Mer, Juno Beach from Saint Aubin sur Mer to La Riviere, and Gold Beach, from La Riviere to a few kilometres west of Longues sur Mer. The American beaches, further to the west, were Omaha Beach and Utah Beach. The foreshore area had been...

i) More air protection was provided for experience. ii) Both escorts and air crafts improved with experience. iii) The British introduction of new radar sets which were small enough to be fitted into air craft which enables submarines to be detected in poor instability at night.

I. Battle of Atlantic :-It was another major war fought by the allied powers against Germany. It was the struggle against German U-boat attempting to deprive Britain of food and raw-materials. At the beginning of 1942 the Germans had 10 U-boats in operation and 250 being built. In the first six months of that year the allies lost over 4 millions tones of merchant shipping and destroyed only 21 U-boats. However, after that number of sinking began to fall while the U-boat losses increased. By July 1943, the allies could produce ships at a faster rate than the U-boat could sink them and the situation was under the control.

American entry in the war I. When the Second World War started in 1939 America was not a part of it. Its president was moaning cautiously an account of the public opinion in USA. But the fall of France and the threat to Britain shattered the American feeling of security. So they decided to give all possible and short of war to Britain. The US war department released surplus guns and planned for sale to Britain. In order to avoid the financial complication president Roosevelt devised the lend-lease programme. In March 1941, the American congress passed the lend-lease act, by which the US undertook to help those countries which were fighting against the Axis powers. The Anglo-American partnership became more ultimate when President Roosevelt and Winston Churchill held a conference on a battle-ship in the Atlantic. They issued a programme of war which came to be known as the Atlantic Charter. When Russia was attacked...

i) During the seven week pause massive reinforcements had arrived so that the Germans and Italians were out numbered. ii) Allies air power was vital constantly attaching the Axis forces and sinking their supply ships crossing the Mediterranean. iii) At the same time the air force was strong enough to protect the army own supply routes. iv) Montgomery’s skilful preparation probably clinched the issue. The battle of El Alamein was another turning point in the war .The significance of the battle is given below. i) It prevented Egypt and the Suez Canal from falling into the Germans hands. ii) It ended the possibility of a link up between the Axis forces in the Middle East and those in the Ukraine. iii) It led to the complete expulsion of Axis forces from North Africa. iv) It had been a serious Drain on German resources which could have been used in Russia where they wee badly needed.

I. Battle of El Alamein :-After the fall of France, Italy under Mussolini entered the war thinking that the allied side would collapse soon. Mussolini’s objective was to take advantage of Britain’s critical positions to snatch away the British colonies in North Africa. Mussolini sent an army from the Italian colony of Libya which penetrated about 60 inches to Egypt in September 1940. II. Another Italian army invaded Greece from Albania out of Egypt and defeated them at Beda. British naval aircraft sank half the Italian fleet in harbor at Toronto and occupied Crete. In February, Hitler sent Rommel to help the Italians and drove the British out of Libya. After much advancing and retreating, by June 1942, the Germans were in Egypt approaching El Alamein only 70 miles from Alexandria. But the situation was saved by British general Montgomery. He defeated Rommel’s army at El Alamein in October 1942.

Detail on Operation Barbarossa In Mein Kampf and in numerous speeches Adolf Hitler claimed that the German population needed more living space. Hitler's Lebensraum policy was mainly directed at the Soviet Union . He was especially interested in the Ukraine where he planned to develop a German colony. The system would be based on the British occupation of India: "What India was for England the territories of Russia will be for us... The German colonists ought to live on handsome, spacious farms. The German services will be lodged in marvelous buildings, the governors in palaces... The Germans - this is essential - will have to constitute amongst themselves a closed society, like a fortress. The least of our stable-lads will be superior to any native." Hitler intended to force Norwegians, Swedes and Danes to move to these territories in the East. Hitler believed that the Blitzkrieg tactics employed...

The Second World War was fought between the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan allied powers consisting of Britain, France and joined later by USSR and USA. This was different in many aspects from all previous of all the state and whole activity of the nation were mobilized for war purposed. Main events of the war are given below. I. German invasion of Poland : - After the occupation of Czechoslovakia, polish neutrality was n longer necessary. In April 1939 Hitler demanded the return of Danzig and a road and railway across the corridor, linking East Prussia with rest of Germany. Already fortified by a British promise of help, the foreign minister Colonel Back rejected the German demands. When the Polish refused to negotiate, a full scale German invasion began early on 1 st September. Chamberlain sent an ultimatum to Germany. When this expired, on 3 rd September Britain declared war against Germany. Soon afterwards France also declare...