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[Swarajists Party] Who were Swarajists? Discuss their activities and role in the national movement.

A major development is Indian politics occurred during 1922-28. Immediately the withdrawal of the non-co-operation movement led to the demonstration in the national ranks. Moreover serious differences arose among the leader who had to decide how to prevent the movement from lapsing into passivity. one section led by C.R.Das Motilal Nehru and Ajmal Khan wanted boycott of the legislative council to be ended and the nationalist to be allowed to enter them to expose weakness of these assemblies, transform them into areas of political struggle and thus use them into arouse public enthusiasm. The group of Congressmen came to be known as ‘Pro-changers’. But Sardar Vallabhai Patel,Rajendra Prasad and other known as ‘no-changers’opposed council entry under this circumstances,pro-changers like –C.R.Das and Motilal Nehru formed the congress Khilafat Swarajya party in December 1922,with was as President and Motilal Nehru as one of the secretaries the new party was to function as a group within the congress. It accepted the congress programme accept in one respect. It would take part in council election. Instead of non-co-operation outside the legislature their policy was to wreck the legislature from within by following a policy of uniform continuous and constant obstruction. Even though the Swarajists led little time for preparation they did very well in the election of November 1923. They won 42 seats out of the 101 elected seats in the central legislative Assembly. They agitated through powerful speeches on question of self govt. Civil liberties and industrial development. In March 1925 they succeeded in electing Vallabhai Patel on the speaker of the central legislative Assembly they exposed the hollowness of the reform Act 1919. The Swarajists suffered a blow in the death of C.R.Das in 1925. But the Swarajists lacked any policy to co-ordinate their military inside the legislature with the mass struggle outside. They failed to resist the parks and privileges of power and office. They failed to support the peasants cause in Bengal and lost support among Muslim members. However their tactics of obstruction embarrassed the govt. on the number of issues. They missed as opportunity to attack the anti-people policies of the govt.

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